One of the key rights of Islamic governance is the sustainable use of government assets. The productivity of government assets, in addition to aiding government financing alongside taxes, is considered a requirement of urban governance due to its favorable economic impacts. Among the state's assets, land holds a special place in Iran. This research examines the economic impact of providing government land for rent using an analytical and descriptive method, alongside reviewing global experiences, jurisprudence, historical texts, and available statistics. The findings reveal that the leasing model, unlike the sale, provides stable, long-term financing for the government. Additionally, offering government land in long-term leases for residential, commercial, administrative, agricultural, horticultural, and other uses can lead to long-term economic growth without inflation. Reducing or eliminating the cost of land through government land leasing lowers the initial and fixed costs of producing and consuming goods and services. Consequently, the growth of land prices and the prices of goods and services related to land will be controlled to some extent. Ultimately, the rental supply of government land creates opportunities for balanced production and consumption for the public.

Nowadays, risk management is a practiced system and process whose main aim is to improve the quality of decisions in all levels of the firms in order to increase the wealth of shareholders. Until the 50' s, the perception to the risk was totally restricted, unidimensional and just based on quality. So far, a number of researches have been done regarding the risk of leasing industry; however, there has been little if any precise rating or identification of these risks in this field. In this study, we intend to identify different kinds of risks involved in the leasing industry through survey research by asking the experts for their opinions through questionnaires and then determine the correlation between them, and eventually, rank them through the AHP method. This work is an applied research and its methodology is descriptive, in the form of convey researches. In this study, we determine effective factors on risks of leasing industry. The reliability of the questionnaire has been calculated by Cronbach's alpha and its validity has been assessed by experts. SPSS software has also been used to analyze the data. Based on the findings, all the abovementioned factors in the hypothesis, such as operational risks, liquidity risk, interest rate risk, recognition risk, legal risks and portfolio risk are the most important risks in the leasing industry and Mellat Leasing Corporation. There is also a significant correlation between all the abovementioned risks and their components.

Advances in leasing industry as a means of finance mainly started in 1900 though leasing dates back to centuries ago. Despite its differences in different countries as a result of differences in laws and regulations, finance function has been a common distinctive function of leasing all over the world.Leasing has its modern and unique features and advantages to establish itself as one of the most important means of finance in countries' economies. Studies by famous economic and research institutes of the world indicate that leasing ranks second among methods of finance with banks standing at the top. Although a major portion of leasing activities has mainly occurred in highly advanced economies, it will keep growing in such newly emerging markets as Iran in the future.Having existed in Iran for 30 years, leasing industry is making progress toward completion. Figures show that over 300 leasing companies have been established in Iran most of which have been set up in the last 5 years.This article sets out to explain the role of leasing industry in the country's credit system. It first gives an account of the theoretical bases of leasing industry and continues with the status of leasing in Iran and in the world. The final sections explain the different aspects of leasing including its legal aspects, pricing, credit risk, methods of financing, and its development capacities in the country.

Use of leasing is one of main methods for modern companies and commercial unities to finance. Leasing industry is scion in Iran add requires pass of particular regulation for full of its legal gaps. Present contract of Iranian leasing companies is the simple hire-purchase. Hire-purchase is a new topic that cause of today requirements at recent years, has been entered into legal arena. This method not only is flexible with future vicissitudes of clientele and liquidity of leasing company, rather in time of contract isn’t responder of clientele variety of need. It looks like, by combination of Hire- purchase with contract of settlement and change of computation method, be able to accede to noted purposes. Aim of this article is survey of legal dimension of Leasing Companies and their Transaction.

Leasing corporations have been among successful economic institutions during last years. On the one hand, these corporations help consumers with time selling cession of goods and by instalment, On the other hard they help manufacturers and finally notional production and employment. Empirical studies show that having regard for following factors are influential in the success of these corporations: 1. Leasing clients are very diverse regarding the amount of prepayment and instalments and the number of instalments.2. Economic conditions of clients during the contract period is very fluctuant. Sometimes improve and Sometimes encounter a difficulty.3. Within a market boom leasing corporations encounter with liquidity deficit and with a market recession they face with liquidity surplus.Using appropriate financial contract and calculating method that could satisfy diversity of clientele tastes and financial power in the both present and future and that would be flexible in liquidity situation of the leasing corporations, will Cause of these corporations to be expaned.The current contract of Iranian leasing corporations is the simple lesingon-making an owner contract with bank method of calculation.This method not only have not the flexibility within financial power fluctuations of the customers and liquidity changes of the leasing corporations, but also does not satisfy the diversity in clientele needs at the time of contract.It seems that with combining the two contracts of leasing-purchase and conveyance and changing calculation method, the supposed objects would be attainable. This paper tries to examine and explain such a contract from juril"ruden tial aspect to achieve the above-mentioned goals.

In general, any form which causes the invalidity of a contract and if its' continuing legal effects will be stopped, the contract is considered as dissolved. Whether the contract is necessary or permissible, owned or covenant, is exchanged or gratuitous and is related to real persons or legal entities. In this meanwhile, lease contracts as gratuitous and purchase contract considers as such contracts which the legal effects of dissolution returns to it. This article intends to carry out a comparative study to determine the approach of Islamic republic of Iran and France's Civil Code about the dissolution cases of the lease by utilizing a qualitative approach that is based on gathering information from library resources. Findings from this study indicated that from the perspective of legal sources, we can invalid the agreement between the landlord and tenant and order to its dissolution through some forms of dissolution, including termination, nullity and also the lease termination. Also, in the civil law of Iran, contract lease is a customary contract. Therefore, at the time of the conclusion of the contract, the value of the procured profits must be determined and specified; despite of the French legal system which considers the contract lease to be a covenant. It is not possible to determine the term indefinitely; in this case, the contract lease is null and void.

The law of the seas is of vital importance mainly due to the special privileges of the seas. Seas have been accorded great importance as routes of maritime transportation in all eras. Thanks to increasing technological advances and huge maritime natural resources, today marine resources have received more attention than ever before, and the need to exploit maritime benefits accounts for the present study. The natural resources of the North Sea of Iran (Caspian) that are shared with regional neighbors and the trawl fishery license granted to china in the southern waters of the country serve as the premises of the present study. Taking into account the official announcement made by authorities regarding their decision to transfer a maritime prowling license (or rent national maritime zones) to china which, according to the reports on the technologies which are to be used for this purpose, could lead to degradation and extinction of living resources, the present study seeks to find out whether the sea prowling licenses are transferable to a third party and whether or not the sovereignty actions within the framework of maritime laws and the act of transferring maritime prowling licenses (with consideration of the need to maintain territorial integrity) to foreigners is legally and jurisprudentially valid.

Objective Considering the necessity of flexibility in the supply chain to manage uncertainties, this research aims to design and explain a flexibility process model for the financial supply chain in Iran's car leasing industry.   Methods The research method is a mixed-methods exploratory approach. First, 21 qualitative interviews were conducted. Using grounded theory, a financial supply chain flexibility model for Iran's automotive leasing industry was developed, comprising 24 sub-categories within six main categories. Next, 260 questionnaires were distributed and completed in automotive leasing companies in Iran. Structural equation modeling was then employed to conduct a path analysis of the hypotheses concerning the relationships among the model dimensions, and the validation of the model was assessed in the study.     Results Based on the data analysis, the causal conditions of flexibility include "expectations related to customers," "factors related to suppliers," and "motivations related to financing." The contextual factors contain "legal-regulatory factors," "financial-economic factors," "environmental factors," and "cultural-social factors." The intervening factors of financial supply chain flexibility include "ownership and shareholders of leasing companies," "communication and IT-related factors," "industry systems and infrastructure," and "transportation and logistics." The phenomenon of financial flexibility in the supply chain was defined as "financing solutions," "effective communication of supply chain elements," "factors related to the ability to credit," and "proper risk management." Additionally, the strategies for the flexibility of the financial supply chain cover "innovation and development of new products," "development of sales network and after-sales services," "development of training and service skills," and "development of cooperation between supply chains." The consequences of financial flexibility in the supply chain of leasing companies encompass "increasing the production of automotive products," "increasing the level of access to services," "easier access to financial resources," "improving the circulation of financial information," and "increasing the efficiency of the supply chain." In the quantitative part of the research, based on the results of structural equation modeling and path analysis, it was found that intervening factors affect the antecedents and strategies of flexibility. The antecedents of flexibility have an impact on attention to flexibility. Besides, dimensions such as contextual factors, attention to flexibility, and intervening factors significantly affect strategies for financial flexibility in the supply chain, which ultimately affect the consequences of financial flexibility.   Conclusion To enhance the flexibility of the financial supply chain, it is advisable for companies to draw insights from successful product development experiences. Additionally, efficient management of after-sales services, building trust and establishing effective communication with customers, and upgrading employees' knowledge, experience, and skills to align with industry developments are essential factors for fostering financial flexibility in the leasing industry.